Centrifugal apparatus.



H. E. WARREN.

CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS. APPLIGATION FILED MAB-13, 190s.

931,707. Patented Aug. 17, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

9 umn-Imm C E A l C ulaf/ C i WITNESSES IN VEN TOR.

www

H. E. WARREN. CBNTRIFUGAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.13, 1908.

931,707. Patented Aug. 17, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W I TNESSES IN V EN TOR.

H. E. WARREN.

GENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 13, 1908.

93 1 ,707 Patented Aug. 17, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

W I TNESSES IN VEN TOR.

HENRY E. WARREN, OF ASHLAND, MASSACHUSE COMPANY, OF ASHLAND, MASSACHUSET TTS', ASSIGN OR TO THE LOMBARD GOVERNOR TS, ACORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 17, 1900.

Application led Hatch 13, 1908. Serial No. l1:20363.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known thatvI, HENRY E. WARREN, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Ashland, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Centrifugal Apparatus. Applicable to the Control or Indication of Speed of Motors, of which the followin is a specification.

The invention re ates to centrifugal apparatus for controlling or indicating the speed of motors, and consists in a rotatable vessel closed .at one end, to contain' liquid, and a piston within the vessel by which it is divided into two chambers, that one between the closed end of the vessel and thepiston being filled with liquid; thus the iston becomes a gage of the amount of liquid beneath it, and by means of one or more openings for the passage of liquid, from one side 'of the piston tothe other, when the vessel and piston are rotated at a speed above normal, the centrifugal action will cause the liquid to flow through the passages from the full chamber,v to the other, which will reduce the liquid pressure inthe full chamber and tend to produce a vacuum therein, and as a result the vessel or piston being held against movement axially, the external atmospheric pressure will cause a movement in one di-v rection of the movable member in relation to the fixed member; when the speed of rotation is reduced the liquid will return through the passages, and a reciprocating movement of the movable member will take 'place in line with its axis. To utilize these movements means are provided to connect the movable member with a speed controller o'r indicator, so that an increase in speed of vrotation of the apparatus will produce a movement of the controller in one direction and a decrease in speed of rotation a movement in tthe other ciprocation ofthe vessel and piston o'ne in relation to the .other will be imparted to the controller or indicator with which the moving part is connected.

If within the chamber filled with li uid one or more projecting'wings' are atta ed to the member which is positively driven any change in speed of rotation between the vessel'and iston will immediately be imparted. to tlie liquid in the full chamber; whileu'the liquid in the other-orfouter chamber which is caused to otate'only by rfricbetween the two members in direction', andthus the re .pendent of that tion upon the walls of the vessel, andV which therefore tends to rotate at a constant speed, will slip upon such walls and lag behind or run ahead of the speed of rotatipn of the driven member when any sudden change of speed thereof occurs, and consequently the centrifugal force upon the liquid in the full chamber will momentarily become greater or less than that upon the liquid in the other chamber. When by an increase in speed, it becomes greater upon the liquid in the full chamber-there will be a flow of liquid therefrom which will produce a corresponding relative movement axially one direction, and when by a decrease in speed, the centrifu al force upon the liquid 'in the full cham er becomes less than upon that in the other chamber, the liquid therein will be forced back into the full chamber` and thereby produce a corresponding relative movement axially 'between the two members in the other direction. These, relativelmovements axially between the two members act upon the controller or indicator by the connection as heretofore explained. The wall of liquid in the outer chamber acts aslthe inertia member of the governor, substantially the same as the centrifugally operated weights illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7; If

wings are provided in the outer chamber the inertia effect of the liquid will be prevented and the governor will respond only to actual speed changes.

Further details of the invention are, connections between the piston and vessel by which limitedrelative angular displacement is permitted; means which tend constantly to return them to their lnormal relation, and ymechanism operated by said angularlrmovef ment between the piston and vessel to give a-movement axially to the controller, indeproduced by the movement of the liqluid in the vessel; and `also means to limit t e reciprocation axially of the vessel and piston in relation to each other.

These improvements above-mentioned entirely dispense with the usual construction ih which weighted portions of the apparatus are caused to change their radial posi- Ation in relation to their axis of revolution,

andthe apparatus is very simple and inexpensive in construction. c

In the drawings forming a part of this lspecification,--Figure 1 is a side elevation of the centrifugal. apparatus with the liquid' Fig. 4 is a side elevation with the centrifugal apparatus in section, and supported above the driving gears. Herein the vessel is` held `against movement axially and the piston is the movable member. Fig. 5 is a sectional plan'view of the lower end of the centrifugal vessel on line 55, Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a side elevation of a modified form of the centrifugal a paratus, in which centrifugally operate devices are employed in place of springs to return the vessel and piston to their normal relation; Fig. 7 is a sectional plan view of the saine apparatus on line 7-7, Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a side elevation of a motor with the controller attached to the ower supply gate, and the centrifugal iquid governor connected with the controller, to ether with a speed-.indicating arm attache to the controller connection, the freeend of said arm moving over a graduated scale.

Referring to the same part of the apparatus in the several figures by similar reference letters, A is the vessel closed at its lower end and B the piston therein and B the piston rod. A cover A is provided for the open end of the vessel with a hole through it for the passage of the iston rod; the cover thus serves to prevent lateral tilting of the vessel, and also is provided with one or more openings, as a2, to admit atmospheric pressure to the vessel above the piston. The piston B divides the vessel into two chambers, and the one below the piston is filled with liquid L. Passage forpthe liquid from one side of the piston to the other is provided, either by forming one or more grooves Z in the periphery of the piston, or small holes may be made through the piston near its periphery or short grooves in the inner wall of the vessel adjacent thereto, the object being to provide free passa e for liquid yfrom one side to the other of the piston at or near its peri hery. The piston rod B is extended beyon the vessel and is supported in bearings C, C, in the frame C.

v The piston rod and piston, B', B, are: positively driven by bevel-gears g through the belt pulley d. Engaging means are provided between the piston and vessel /so that one" may be positively driven bythe other.

In Fig. 1 a wing e extends from the piston and engages'a slot e in the bottom of the vessel, so that the vesl will be positively driven by,` the iston, and as soon as any change of spe occurs in the prime motor, it is communicated to the centrifugal governor through the pulley d and ears g, g; immediatelythe increased centri ugal force will cause the liquid beneath the piston B to ass into the chamber above the piston andp stand in a wall L2 around the interior of the vessel A. IThis movement tends to create a vacuum in the chamber from which the liquid iows, and causes the exterior atmospheric ressure to raise the vessel A, which .in t is case is the axially movable member, and through the interconnecting rod z, operate the controller p, (see Fig. The rod li is connected with the vessel A by a swivel joint k', so as to permit the vessel to rotate without turning the rod, and to limit the downward movement of the vessel a ring b2 is secured to the piston rod inside ofthe upper chamber.

In Fig. 2, opposite ends ot springs s, s, are respectivelysecured to the piston ats, b3, and to the vessel at a3, a3, thus permitting relative angular dis lacement between the piston and vessel, t e springs yieldingto such displacement but constantly tending to return the two members to their normal relation. Y

In Fig. .3, angular displacement between the piston B and vessel A is indicated by the wing shown in dotted lines e2; also dotted lines s', s', show the position of the springs under such conditions.

In the construction shown in Fig. 2 with the win e projecting from the piston into the liquid in the lower chamber, if the interior of the vessel A is .perfectly cylindrical above the piston, so as to control the rotary movement of the liquid by friction only, any sudden change of speed imparted l to the pist-on will be impartedto the liquid in the lower chamber by the wing e, an increase causing a quick momentary flow/trom the full chamber to the other, and thus produce a corresponding movement of the vessel upward in line with its a'xis, and a decrease of speed causing a momentary flow of liquid from the upper chamber to the full chamber,

by reason of the decrease in centrifugal "force therein, and thus produce a corresponding downward movement of the vessel, the piston always being a gage of the amount of liquid beneath it. These movements of the vessel are communicated to the controller through the connecting rod i.

The mechanism illustrated in Fig. 2, to give movement axially to the controller supplemental to that produced by the movement rof the liquid in the vessel, onsistsof a ro vr having bearings'on the vesselA, and provided with an' elongated pinion r2 secured to its upper end and a toothed sector rasecured to its lower end. Upon the piston rod IB above the vessel A, another toothed sector -A. Tins 'is accoLndp r is secured, which meshes with the pinion r2, and the sector r3 is in mesh with a Vpinion fr* upon a short rod r, which latter has a swivel connection la with the rod k and ay screw connection r with the vessel A. By this means any sudden change ofspeed of rotation given 'to the piston rod 'B' will be communicated'th'rough the sector 7', pinion r2, rod 9*'sector r3 and pinion r to the short rod r and-turn its screw r* so as either to lengthen or shorten the connection between the vessel A andthe controller, an'd'by the. operation of the' latter bring the s ed back to normal, and this, independent y of'the movement of the liquid in the vessehbut proportionately to lthe' relative angular :dis placement of the piston and vessel, caused by the sudden'change in speed of the primeL motor. As soon as the `speed returns to n.or

mal the springss will restore the piston and vessel to their normal relation.

In Fi 4 the centrifugal device is above the driving gears'g, the vessel A being support/ed upon roller'-beari ngs c2 on the frame C' and attached directlyto the perpendicular shaft of 'oneoft'heg'eafrs g, "Hereinthe piston B is Athe axially movable membenand 1s supported within the vessel in normal relation thereto ,by'a spiral'spling '82, the lower end of which restsin' a 'socket at the'bottom of the vessel A, and the upper end of which supports' the piston andl its rod." Theconneet-ion with t Ie controlleri's above the cen tri-fugal governor by means'of arod' leprovided with swivel connection with the piston rodl B. The variation ofdegree of centrifugal force produced by'the'rtatingvesselmoves the liquid therein' from 'one side to the other of the piston and'icauses'it to be lowered or raised bythe same force and in the same manner as the -vessel Vis moved axially' when that is employed as the movable mem- In Fig. 5, eg is a rib across the bottom of the vessel, to maint-'ain the' speed ofrotatin ofthe liquid therein, the same as that ofthe vessel.

As illustratedin Fig. 6, the driving conis through a cylinder t i'shed by' lmeans of a cross-barfx attach :at the upper end of this cylinder and secured to the piston-rod above the vessel A4by `a` key ,f,'a"nd by a cross-bar f2 attached attliellowe'end of the cylinderand' en w-thjtherod r?, b" ,means of a pinz' liedgiiad the cross-bar f2 vir'hlich pin extends through aslot if in -the The rod r which connects the vessel with the controller, is screwed into the base of the atb?,

and the means employedfor pet-ihittng' anguiar displacement of the vessel in relation to the pistonf andlwhch'awaysktend to return `them to their normal elatlon, are 'the devices consisting of a pili'r of weighted-arms" k, In, pivoted to the lower end of the vessel A1 at k,xk. A pinion m is secured to the rod r between the inner ends of the arms k, c,w'hich latter are provided with toothed sectors n, n, that mesh with the pinion m. Any sudden change of speed .given to the piston rod and piston from the pulley d is 'communicated through the cylinder f, crossbars f', f2, and pin to the rod r, the turn ing of which lengthens or shortens the distance between the vessel A and the controller, 'by means of the screw 1'?, and the connection through therod J1, thus increasing or decrea'sing the supply of motive Huid to motor and restoring it to normal speed.' When the rod 'r6 is vturned independently of the vessel A', the pinion m is turned with it, and this pinionbeing inmesh With the sectors n, n, on the inner ends ofthe arms c, k, those'arms will be thrown out of alinement temporarily; but the centrifugal action upon the weights 0 on arms c wlll immediately tend-to return them to ntheir position lof equilibrium 'and'alinement, which they .will assume as soon as the speed of themotor ceases acceleration or retardation, and the normal lenlth of the connection betweeen the centrifugal 'governor and the controller will at the vsame time be-restored. To prevent a relative angular displacement between the vessel and piston, greater than 18()o in either directiom a stop'o is lsecured tothe under side of the cover A" and-another sto v upon 'the side of the piston lroel v B. rom the, lower side ofthe piston- B, a projecting pin 'b4 .engages a hole or socket inthe bottom of the vessel A to prevent relative 'lateral movenient, and the piston here show'n is of a little less diameter than the interior of the vessel, to furnish free vpassage" for the liquid, in iplace/of grooves or holes. 'A lsc, a hand lever w is provided by' Which'the controller may be operated.' y

In the assembled view, Fig. 8, an indicator 'is' shown consisting of an arm Q fulcrumed' upon astandard'g on a fixed art of the maehine;f'one end of theitarm is forked so as to play between collarsllt2 on the vrod It, While 'the other end of the arm Q isI located'over av graduated segment R to indicate'speed revo u t established' normal; By this means the movementk of the'rod li up or down will cause the indicator arm Q to move over the plate R, and by the graduations thereon in- 'dicate the variations of speed of the motor.

` In Ilig.` 8, M is the motor, M the shaft 'which controlsl thel power supply therefor, nd'by' means of arack thereon this shaft isol erated by a gear T on the 4.shaft of the pnl eyft, whichlatter is belfed t0 a Pulley t2 Eon'I the shaft of'which is a gear t3 meshing with a- Erack #"onthe piston rod of the main controller' U." By the operation ofy the ceri-l 4lt'roll'e'r' the rack t is caused to reciprocate,

tions above or below an t trifugal action cause the and throu h the above named system of gears and elt connection, to operate the shaft M. The power for the controller U yis regulated b the secondary controller p, which as hereto ore explained is operated by the centrifugal governor A.

From the foregoing it will be understood that it is immaterial which memberl of the centrifugal speed-responsive element moves axially in relation tothe other. As heretofore stated either the \vessel or the piston may be supported by .ixed bearings, and the one not so supported should be adapted to move, .in relation to the ixedmember, in the direction of its axis, when the liquid in the vessel `is moved from one side to the1 other of the piston in response to the variations of speed of rotation of the two members, such motion of the movable member being communicated to the controller by suitable connection.

1 claim 1. A rotatable'vessel closed at one end, to contain liquid a piston within, which divides the vessel into two chambers, a passage for liquid from one chamber to the other, means to rotate the vessel and iston, and by ceniquid to flow from one side of the piston -to the other, reduce the liquid ressure on the side from which it flows an thus tend to produce a vacuum upon that side and cause the pressure`of the atmosphere to produce a movement axially between the vessel and piston, one in relation to the other.

2. A rotatable vessel vclosed at one end, to contain liquid a piston within which divides the vessel into two chambers, a passage for liquid from one chamber to the other, means to rotate the vessel and iston, and by centrifugal action cause the liquid to flow from one side of the piston to the other, reduce the liquid pressure on the side from which it ows and produce a movement axially between the vessel and piston, one in relation to the other, and means to connect the moving member with a device which is to be operated.

3,. A centrifugal speed-responsive element consisting of a cylinder and piston therein, one of which two members may be reciprocated in relation tothe other, a piston rod extending from the cylinder, an operative connection between one of the said reciproeating members and the controller of a prime motor, liquid to fill the vspace between one side of the iston and head of the cylinder, a passage orliquid from that side of the piston to the other, and means to rotate the cylinder and piston, and by centrifugal actlon cause the liquid to pass from the filled s ace to the other side of the piston and* thus by the reduction of liquid pressurey within said spacebelow the pressure of the atmosphere without, produce a movement eed governor, a cylinder closedv at one en to contain liquid, a

-piston therein with a passage Afor liquid betweenit and the cylinder, a piston rod extending from the cylinder and fixed bearings in which the rod 1s supported and may rotate, means to commumcate such rotation to the cylinder, a swivel-connection between the cylinder and a controller, liquid in the cylinder to fill the space beneath the iston, and means to rotate itwith the cylinder and by centrifugal action withdraw liquid from beneath the piston, and cause the cylinder to move upward over the rod and piston. n

5. In a centrifugal speed governor, a vessel to contain liquid anda piston therein, one of which is adapted to .reciprocate nin relation to the other, a passage for liquid from one side of the piston to the other, a rotatable piston rod supported exteriorly to the vessel, and means upon the rod to llmit the movement axially, of the vessel and piston in. relation to each other.

6. In acentrifugal speed governor, a vessel tov contain liquid, a piston therein, a passage for liquid from one side of the iston tofthe other, a rotatable pistonro ported exteriorly to the vessel, means to rotate the rod and piston and a driving-connection between them and the vesselwhichr cause a movement axially between the vessel andl piston one` in relation to the other, a driving connection,l between the piston and vessel which permits relative angular displacement from their normal relation, and means which constantly tend to return them to normal relatio'n. l

8. 1n a centrifugal speed controller or indicator, a vessel to contain liquid, a piston therein, a passage for liquid from one side of the-piston to the other, means to rotate the piston and` vessel and by `centrifugal action moveliquid through said passage and cause a movement axially between the vessel and piston one in relation to the other, a driving connection between the `piston and vessel which permits relative angular displacement from their normal relation, and 4centrlfugally operated means which constantly lation.'

9. A centrifugal speed governor, compristendto return them to normal reinga vessel to contain liquid, a piston thereinhaving a rod extending out of the vessel,

openings for liquid to pass from one side of the piston to the other, meansto rotateI the rod and piston and by centrifugal action cause liquid to pass' from one side of the 5. piston to the other and thereby produce a movement, axially, between the' vessel and piston one in relation to the other, means for connecting the member which is given such movement toa device to be operated, a 10 driving connection between the piston and vessel which permits their relative angular i displacement-,I and mechanism operated by such angular movement to give movement axially to said device, supplemental to that produced by the centrifugal force.

HENRY E. WARREN.

Witnesses:

I. B. DODGE, C. yW. MCCAUL. 

